In one of our previous articles, we already discussed the use of such a useful utility as ls . One of its most important uses is likely the long-format output of file data, specifically the -l option . Today, we'll explain file attributes—this is included in the Linux specialist course in Astana . It will also help you begin pursuing an IT profession in Kazakhstan.
What attributes do files have in Linux, specialist course Linux Astana
File attributes in Linux are values corresponding to the main file parameters that determine how the OS and users interact with the file. Of course, for a better understanding of this topic, it's worth taking the Linux for Beginners course in Astana . However, the knowledge in this article will be sufficient for a start. The output of the ls command with the -l option contains the following attributes:
- file type (if simple file - " ", if the directory is "d";
- file permissions for the owner, the owner's user group, and everyone else (r - reading, w - recording, x - execution);
- number of hard links to a file;
- file owner account name;
- name of the user group of the file owner;
- file size;
- date and time of file modification;
- file name.
It's also worth learning how to read file permissions. For example, a value like rwx—— means the file owner can read, write, and execute the file. Everyone else, including members of the file owner's user group, can't do anything with it. A value like rw-rw-r tells us that the owner and members of the owner's user group can read and write the file, but can't execute it. Everyone else can't work with the file.
The full list of possible permissions looks like rwxrwxrwx and corresponds to the chmod value 777 . To learn more about changing file attributes and permissions, enroll in the Linux system administrator courses in Astana . They are available to anyone from Kazakhstan on the SEDICOMM University platform.
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Why You Might Need File Attributes in Linux
Now let's figure out why you need to know what file attributes are. And what practical uses this knowledge can serve. Of course, we cover this and much more in detail for those who have enrolled in our Kali Linux Astana courses . However, we can at least scratch the surface of this topic in this short article.
First of all, as we mentioned earlier, you may need to configure file permissions. This will allow you to change them using the chmod command or obtain the appropriate access rights using the sudo command . Of course, it's crucial to know what you can and cannot do with a file.
Another important parameter is the file owner, as it has the most rights and permissions. It's worth noting that the chown command can help you change the owner . However, to do this, you also need to have the same permissions as the original file owner or the superuser ( root ).
Knowing file sizes is also crucial at work, as some files can take up a significant portion of your allocated disk space. This way, you can easily find and delete the largest files if you don't need them in the future. So don't waste your time; learn Linux with us . Then, in 2023, you'll definitely be able to take your first steps toward finding a job in the IT sector.
SEDICOMM University Team : Cisco Academy , Linux Professional Institute , Python Institute.